Conceptual and Clinical Review of Paribhadradi Formulation in Janu Sandhigata Vata (Knee Osteoarthritis)

Abstract

Background: Janu Sandhigata Vata, described in Ayurveda, closely correlates with knee osteoarthritis (OA),
a prevalent degenerative joint disorder affecting mobility and quality of life, especially in the aging population.
Classical Ayurvedic management emphasizes both internal and external therapies, among which topical applications
like pralepa hold significant importance.

Objective: The objective of the study was to conceptually and clinically review the therapeutic potential of
Paribhadradi formulation in the management of Janu Sandhigata Vata, with special emphasis on its application in
both classical pralepa and modern ointment forms.
Materials and Methods: This review is based on an extensive analysis of classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka
Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Madhava Nidana, along with contemporary clinical studies and published literature
indexed in Google Scholar. The conceptual framework includes etiopathogenesis (Samprapti), clinical features, and
therapeutic principles, while clinical evidence from Ayurvedic and modern studies was critically analyzed.

Results: The review indicates that Sandhigata Vata is primarily a Vata-dominant disorder involving Dhatukshaya
and degeneration of joint structures. External therapies such as pralepa and ointments play a crucial role in localized
management by providing Vata-shamana, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. The Paribhadradi formulation,
composed of Vata-pacifying and Shothahara drugs, demonstrates promising therapeutic potential. Clinical studies
on topical applications and herbal formulations show significant improvement in pain, stiffness, and joint function,
supporting their efficacy in knee OA.

Conclusion: Paribhadradi pralepa and its ointment form represent an effective and practical therapeutic approach
for the management of Janu Sandhigata Vata. The integration of classical principles with modern pharmaceutical
adaptation enhances patient compliance and therapeutic outcomes. However, further well-designed clinical trials are
required to establish standardized protocols and strengthen scientific validation.